Simple Past Tense

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THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE - Dİ'Lİ GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN
A. USE

1. The Simple Past tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past:
Simple Past, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda yapılmış eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır. "Yesterday, last night, two weeks ago, in 2002" gibi zarflar kullanılabilir.

I graduated from the university in 2003.
He came from Berlin last night.

2. The Simple Past is used to describe situations which existed for a period of time in the past.
Geçmişte belirli bir süre içerisinde devam etmiş olayları, eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.

Millions of years ago, dinosaurs inhabited the earth.
They talked to each other during the lesson.
He lived in England for a long time.

3. It is also used to talk about habits in the past:
Geçmişteki alışkanlıkları ifade etmek için yine Simple Past kullanılır. I always wore a khaki cap in the summer.

He never drank tea.
They generally read several novels in the winter.

4. It is used to talk about events that happened one after the other:
Hikaye anlatırken olayları ard arda sıraladığımızda kullanırız.

He jumped out of bed, ran into the bathroom and slammed the door.


B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I   
You   
He   
She worked
It   
We   
They   

Note: Use second form of Irregular verbs in positive structure of the Past Simple Tense..
(Geçmiş zaman olumlu cümlelerde, düzensiz fiillerin 2. hali kullanılır.)

Negative Structure:

I   
You   
He   
She didn't work
It   
We   
They   

Question structure:

 I   
 You
Did He
Didn't She work?
 It
 We
 They

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THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

a. Use :

The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past:
--> My brother got a new job in Madrid last week.
--> How did he react when you told the truth?
--> Shakespeare died in 1616.

In addition, the Simple Past is used to describe situations which existed for a period of time in the past.
--> Millions of years ago, dinosaurs inhabited the earth.
--> George Washington was the first president of the United States.

The Simple Past is also used to express non-continuous actions which occurred at a definite time in the past.
--> Columbus reached America in 1492.
--> I graduated from school last year.

It is also used to talk about habits in the past:
--> We always had roast beef on Sundays when I was a boy.
--> We used to walk a mile in the morning when we were in London.
--> We never went abroad for our holidays until the 1970s

It is used to talk about events that happened one after the other:
--> He jumped out of bed, ran into the bathroom and slammed the door.

It is used in the second conditional
--> She would help him if she knew he was in trouble.

  2. Formation of the simple past:


a. The verb To Be
The Simple Past of the verb to be is conjugated as follows:


I was
you were
he was
she was
it was
we were
they were

Questions and negative statements
The Simple Present and Simple Past of the verb to be do not use auxiliaries to form questions and negative statements. Instead, the verb itself is used.

The verb to be forms questions and negative statements in the same way in the Simple Past as in the Simple Present. In order to form a question, the verb is placed before the subject. For example:

Affirmative Statement                      Question
  I was awake.                               Was I awake?
  They were ready.                          Were they ready?

In order to form a negative statement, the word not is placed after the verb. For example:

Affirmative Statement                        Negative Statement
  I was awake.                                  I was not awake.
 They were ready.                             They were not ready.

In spoken English, the following contractions are often used:

Without Contractions                           With Contractions
  was not                                           wasn't
  were not                                         weren't

In order to form a negative question, the verb is placed before the subject, and the word not is placed after the subject. However, when contractions are used, the contracted form of not immediately follows the verb. For example:

Without Contractions                                With Contractions
  Was I not awake?                                  Wasn't I awake?
  Were they not ready?                             Weren't they ready?

In order to form tag questions, the verb itself is used. In the following examples, the negative tag questions are underlined. Contractions are usually used in negative tag questions.

Affirmative Statement                 Affirmative Statement with Tag Question
   
  I was awake.                           I was awake, wasn't I?
  They were ready.                     They were ready, weren't they?

b. Other verbs
English verbs other than the verb to be have the same form in the Simple Past, regardless of the subject.

In the case of regular English verbs, the Simple Past has the same form as the past participle. For example, the Simple Past of the regular verb to work is conjugated as follows:

I worked
you worked
he worked
she worked
it worked
we worked
they worked


In the case of irregular English verbs, the form of the Simple Past must be memorized. As illustrated by the examples below, for some irregular verbs, the Simple Past is the same as the past participle; whereas for others, the Simple Past differs from the past participle. For example:

Bare Infinitive                     Simple Past                                   Past Participle
  begin                                      began                                               begun
  find                                        found                                                found
  go                                          went                                                gone
  let                                          let                                                   let
  take                                        took                                                taken

Like the regular verbs, irregular verbs other than the verb to be do not modify in the Simple Past, but have the same form, regardless of the subject. For example, the Simple Past of the irregular verb to take is conjugated as follows:

I took
you took
he took
she took
it took
we took
they took

Questions and negative statements
In both the Simple Present and the Simple Past of verbs other than the verb to be, questions and negative statements are formed using the auxiliary to do and the bare infinitive.

For questions and negative statements in the Simple Past, the Simple Past of the auxiliary to do is used. The Simple Past of to do is conjugated as follows:

I did
you did
he did
she did
it did
we did
they did


In order to change an affirmative statement into a question, did is placed before the subject, and the form of the verb is changed from the Simple Past to the bare infinitive. In the following example, the regular verb to work is used. The verb to work has the Simple Past worked, and the bare infinitive work.
Affirmative Statement                        Question
  I worked.                                       Did I work?
  You worked.                                    Did you work?
  He worked.                                     Did he work?
  She worked.                                    Did she work?
  It worked.                                       Did it work?
  We worked.                                    Did we work?
  They worked.                                  Did they work?



In order to change an affirmative statement into a negative statement, did not is placed after the subject, and the form of the verb is changed to the bare infinitive. In the following example, the irregular verb to speak is used. The verb to speak has the bare infinitive speak and the Simple Past spoke.

Affirmative Statement                          Negative Statement
  I spoke.                                           I did not speak.
  You spoke.                                      You did not speak.
  He spoke.                                        He did not speak.
  She spoke.                                      She did not speak.
  It spoke.                                          It did not speak.
  We spoke.                                         We did not speak.
  They spoke.                                      They did not speak.



In spoken English, the following contraction is often used:

Without Contraction                  With Contraction
  did not                                         didn't

In order to change an affirmative statement into a negative Question, did is placed before the subject, not is placed after the subject, and the form of the verb is changed to the bare infinitive. However, when contractions are used, the contracted form of not follows immediately after the auxiliary did. For example:

Without Contractions                      With Contractions
  Did I not work?                               Didn't I work?
  Did you not work?                           Didn't you work?
  Did he not work?                            Didn't he work?
  Did she not work?                           Didn't she work?
  Did it not work?                               Didn't it work?
  Did we not work?                            Didn't we work?
  Did they not work?                          Didn't they work?

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SIMPLE PAST TENSE


1.1 PAST FORM OF “BE”
POSITIVE SENTENCE  NEGATIVE SENTENCE  QUESTION SENTENCES
I
He
She was at home last night
It I
He
She wasn’t at home last night
It I
he
Was she at home last night?
it
 
We
You were at home last night.
They We
You weren’t at home last night.
They
 we
Were you at home last night?
they
 



• Kate is here today, but she wasn’t here yesterday.
• I was in Canada last year.
• Were you in Istanbul five years ago?
• It is cold this week, but it was sunny last week.
• Where were you last Sunday?
• How was your exam?


1.2 FORM OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

a) Affirmative ( Positive) Sentences

I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They played football yesterday


studied English this morning
went to the cinema last night


Simple Past Tense olumlu cümlelerininde,özneden sonra V2 ( Fiillerin 2. halleri) kullanılır.
• I watched TV last night.
• The snow stopped a few minutes ago. Now the weather is nice.
• Linda came home very late last night.
• Last year I traveled to Japan.
• Hasan studied hard all year. He passed all his exams last week.
• Sally called the police yesterday because someone stole her car while she was at the supermarket.


b) Negative Sentences



You
He
She
It
We
You
They

 did not

didn’t

play football yesterday.
study english this morning.
go to the cinema last night.

Simple Past Tense olumsuz cümlelerinde, özneden sonra didn’t yardımcı fiili ve fiillerin yalın halleri( V1) kullanılır. V2 sadece olumlu cümlelerde kullanılır.

• I didn’t go to a movie last night. I stayed at home.
• Nick didn’t come to school yesterday.
• We didn’t have breakfast this morning.
• I went to a movie yesterday but I didn’t enjoy it.
• It didn’t rain yesterday.


c) Negative Sentences


Did you
he
she
it
we
you
they play football yesterday.
study english this morning.
go to the cinema last night.



Soru cümleleri yaparken , did yardımcı fiili özneden önce (cümle başında) kullanılır. Fiil yalın halde (V1) kullanılır.

• Did you sleep well last night?
• Did you see the postman this morning?
• Did Mary have a good time at the party yesterday?
• Did you make your own dinner last night.
• Did they understand the question?
• Did the children feed the birds in the park yesterday morning?

1.3 SPELLING OF -ED
END OF VERB ------- -ED FORM


RULE 1: A consonant + -e ----------- ADD -d
dance ----------- danced
erase ----------- erased
place ----------- placed

RULE 2: One vowel + One consonant ----------- Double the consonant and ADD – ed
plan ----------- planned
stop ------------ stopped


NOTE: Do not double w,and x
snow --------- snowed
fix --------- fixed


RULE 3: Two vowels + One Consonant ---------- ADD -ed ; do not double the consonant
rain --------- rained
need --------- needed

RULE 4: Two consonants -------- ADD –ed ; do not double the consonant
help--------- helped
add ------ added

RULE 5: Consonant + -y---------CHANGE –y TO –i, ADD –ed
Worry --------- worried
Reply --------- replied

RULE 6: Vowel + -y -------- ADD –ed; DO NOT CHANGE -y TO -i
play -------- played
stay --------- stayed


1.4 IRREGULAR VERBS

TAMAMLANACAK……………………………

1.5 USES OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

a) Completed Action In The past

Simple past tense bir eylemin geçmişte bilinen (specific) bir zamanda yapılıp, tamamlandığını gösterir. Simple Past Tense en çok bu amaç için kullanılır.

• I saw a movie yesterday.
• I didn’t go to work last Friday.
• Last year, I traveled to China.
• The World War II ended in 1945.
• She washed the dishes this morning.

b) A series of Completed Actions

Simple Past Tense geçmişte yapılmış bir dizi, ardışık eylemden bahsederken kullanılır.
• I finished work, went home, had a shower and went to bed early.
• He arrived from the airport at 9:00,checked into the hotel at 10:00, and met the others at 11:00.

c) Single Duration
Simple past tense geçmişte başlayıp ve bitmiş olan bir eylemin ne kadar süre ile yapıldığından bahsederken kullanılır. Eylemlerin şimdiki zamanda bir geçerliliği kalmamıştır.

• I lived in Istanbul for 5 years, from 1990 to 1995. ( I don’t live there anymore)
• Jane studied Chinese for 3 years.
• We talked on the phone for 30 minutes.
• How long did they wait for the bus?

d) Habits in the past
Simple past tense geçmişte düzenli olarak yapı> ,fakat artık geçerli olmayan eylem ve davranışlardan bahsederken kullanılır. Bu kullanım “ used to “ ile aynı anlamdadır. Bu anlatımlarda cümlelerde genellikle "often," "usually," "never," "...when I was a child" or "...when I was younger" gibi zarf yapıları yer alır..


• My father took me to the Luna park every Sunday.
• He played the piano whenever he was at home.
• He usually worked at a restaurant after school.



1.6 “BEFORE” and “AFTER” IN TIME CLAUSES

“Clause” içinde bir özne ve yüklemi bulunan bir cümle ya da cümlecik yapısıdır. Bazı clause ‘lar bütün olarak bir anlam içeren, bir tam cümle yapısındadır. Bunlara main clauses ( temel cümle) adı verilir. Örneğin;

• “I ate a sandwich.” = a main clause
• “She played tennis” = a main clause

Bazı clause’ lar after, before ve when gibi zaman zarfları (adverbs) ile başlarlar. Bu clause’ lar temel cümle değildirler ve tek başlarına bir anlam taşımazlar ; cümle yapısı içinde zaman referansı vermek amacı ile kullanılırlar. Bu clause’ lara time clauses (zaman bildiren yan cümle) adı verilir. Örneğin;

• “ before I went to school” = a time clause
• “after she finished her homework” = a time clause

Daha önce de belirtildiği gibi, zaman cümlecikleri ( time clause) tek başlarına tam bir cümle olmayıp,bir anlam taşımazlar ve sonuç olaral temel cümle( main clause) ile birlikte kullanılırlar. Bir zaman cümleciği (time clause), temel cümlenin ( main clause) önünde ya da arkasında kullanılabilir. Bu kullanımlar anlam farkına yol açmaz.


• I ate a sandwich before I went to school.

ya da,

• Before I went to school, I ate a sandwich.


• She played tennis after she finished her homework

ya da,

• After she finished her homework, she played tennis.


Time clause (zaman cümleciği), temel cümlenin ( main clause) önünde kullanıldığında, temel cümleden önce virgül kullanılır.

• After the children got home from school, they watched TV.
• Before we entered the cinema, we bought the tickets.
• I cleaned my room before my mother came home.
• After Sally ate dinner, she went to the library,
• Sally went to the library after she ate dinner.

1.7 “WHEN” IN TIME CLAUSES
Bazı zaman cümlecikleri (time clauses) WHEN ile başlarlar.

• When I was a child, I lived with my grandparents.
• I lived with my grandparents when I was a child.
• When I heard a strange sound, I turned on the lights.
• I turned on the lights when I heard a strange noise.

Her iki cümleciğin de ( time clause and main clause) fiilleri simple past ise, when clause’ daki eylem once olmuş demektir. Örneğin:

• When the phone rang, I answered it.

First :the phone phone rang
Second: I answered it

• The children went their homes when the rain started..

First: The rain started
Second: the children went their homes

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SIMPLE PAST TENSE

● Simple Past Tense asıl olarak geçmişteki olayları anlatmak için kullanılır. Aşağıda bu zamanın kullanımlarını ayrıntılı biçimde görebilirsiniz.

 Auxiliary verbs (Yardımcı fiiller): did/didn't


 played        I didn't play         Did I play?
 You played      You didn't play     Did you play?
 He played       He didn't play      Did he play?
 She played      She didn't play     Did she play?
 It played        It didn't play         Did it play?
 We played      We didn't play     Did we play?
 They played     They didn't play    Did they play?



DİKKAT! Olumlu cümlelerde herhangi bir yardımcı fiil gelmez ve fiilin ikinci hali kullanılır. Olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde did veya
 didn't yardımcı fiili kullanılır ve fiil yalın haliyle kalır.

 EXAMPLES (ÖRNEKLER):

(+) I visited my uncle. (Amcamı ziyaret ettim)
     (Bu cümle olumludur ve görüldüğü gibi fiilin ikinci hali kullanılmıştır.)

(-) I didn't visit my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret etmedim.)
     (Bu cümle olumsuzdur ve didn't yardımcı fiili kullanıldığı için fiil yalın haliyle gelmiştir.)

(?) Did I visit my uncle yesterday.  (Dün amcamı ziyaret ettim mi?)
     (Bu cümle soru cümlesidir ve "did" yardımcı fiili geldiği için fiil yine yalın haliyle kullanılmıştır.)

 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS (Düzenli ve düzensiz fiiller)

 ● İngilizce'de fiiller düzenli ve düzensiz olarak ikiye ayrılır. Düzenli fiilerin ikinci halini kullanmak için fiilin sonuna -ed takısı eklenir.

Example: want a wanted
             clean a cleaned
             wash a washed
 
● Düzensiz fiiller adından da anlaşılacağı gibi düzensiz olarak değişirler bu yüzden ezberlenmesi gerekir. Düzensiz fiil tablosunu
  görmek için tıklayın.

Example: go a went
             swim a  swam
             do a  did

USES (KULLANIMLARI)
● USE 1 Completed Action in the Past             
    (Geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler)

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

(Simple Past Tense geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış ve bitmiş eylemler için kullanılır. Bazen konuşan kişi tam olarak bir zaman belirtmeyebilir, ama mutlaka cümlede bir geçmiş zaman fikri vardır.)

EXAMPLES:

I saw a movie yesterday. (Dün bir film seyrettim.)

I didn't see a movie yesterday. (Dün bir film seyretmedim.)

Last year, I traveled to Italy. (Geçen yıl İtalya'ya seyahat ettim.)

Last year, I didn't travel to Italy. (Geçen yıl İtalya'ya seyahat etmedim.)

She washed her hands. (Ellerini yıkadı)

She didn't wash her hands. (Ellerini yıkamadı)


● USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions           (Geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler serisi)

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past.
(Simple Past Tense'i geçmişte tamamlanmış birkaç eylemi arka arkaya anlatmak için kullanırız.

EXAMPLES:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
(İşlerimi bitirdim, sahile yürüdüm ve yüzmek için güzel bir yer buldum.)

He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
(Havaalanından saat 8'de geldi, 9'da otele kaydını yaptırdı ve diğerleriyle 10'da buluştu.)


● USE 3 Single Duration   
            (Tek süreç)

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a long action often used with expressions like "for two years," "for five minutes," "all day" or "all year."

(Simple Past Tense geçmişte başlamış ve bitmiş bir süreci anlatırken kullanılır. Bu süreç  uzundur ve genelde "iki yıldır", "tüm gün" veya "tüm yıl" gibi zaman ifadeleriyle kullanılır.)

EXAMPLES:

I lived in Turkey for two years.
(İki yıl Türkiye'de yaşadım.)

Ahmet studied English for five years.
(Ahmet beş yıl İngilizce çalıştı.)

They sat at the beach all day.
(Tüm gün sahilde oturdular.)

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
(Yarım saat telefonda konuştuk.)

How long did you wait for them?
We waited for one hour.

(Onları ne kadar beklediniz?
Bir saat bekledik.)


● USE 4 Habit in the Past   
 (Geçmişteki alışkanlıklar)

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to". To make it clear that we are talking about a habit we often use expressions such as "always," "often," "usually," "never," "...when I was a child" or "...when I was younger" in the sentence.

(Simple Past Tense aynı zamanda geçmişte vazgeçtiğimiz alışkanlıklar için de kullanılır. "used to" kalıbıyla aynı amaçla kullanılabilir. Bahsettiğimiz eylemin bir alışkanlık olduğunu açıkça belirtmek için cümlelerde "always" (daima), "often" (sık sık), "usually" (genellikle) ve "never" (asla) gibi zaman ifadeleri kullanılır.

EXAMPLES:

I played basketball when I was a child.
(Çocukken basketbol oynardım.)

He played the guitar.
(Gitar çalardı.)

She worked at the hospital after school.
(Okuldan sonra hastanede çalışırdı.)

They never went to school, they always skipped.
(Hiç okula gitmezlerdi, hep kaçarlardı.)

 
                   TIME EXPRESSIONS IN SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Time expressions zaman belirten ifadelerdir ve İngilizce'de her zaman için farklı ifadeler kullanılır. Özellikle sınavlarda cümlenin hangi tense olduğunu anlamak için time expression'ların bilinmesi çok önemlidir.

yesterday (dün) I went to theatre yesterday. (Dün sinemaya gittim.)

last week/year/Sunday etc. (Geçen hafta/yıl/Pazar vs.) He bought a car last week. (Geçen hafta araba aldı.)

two years/four days/three minutes ago (iki yıl/dört gün/üç dakika önce) I saw her two minutes ago. (İki dakika önce onu gördüm.

Last night (dün gece) I watched a movie last night on TV. (Dün gece televizyonda bir film izledim.)

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THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE - Dİ'Lİ GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN

A. USE

1. The Simple Past tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past:
Simple Past, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda yapılmış eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır. "Yesterday, last night, two weeks ago, in 2002" gibi zarflar kullanılabilir.

I graduated from the university in 2003.
He came from Berlin last night.

2. The Simple Past is used to describe situations which existed for a period of time in the past.
Geçmişte belirli bir süre içerisinde devam etmiş olayları, eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.

Millions of years ago, dinosaurs inhabited the earth.
They talked to each other during the lesson.
He lived in England for a long time.

3. It is also used to talk about habits in the past:
Geçmişteki alışkanlıkları ifade etmek için yine Simple Past kullanılır. I always wore a khaki cap in the summer.

He never drank tea.
They generally read several novels in the winter.

4. It is used to talk about events that happened one after the other:
Hikaye anlatırken olayları ard arda sıraladığımızda kullanırız.

He jumped out of bed, ran into the bathroom and slammed the door.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I              
You         
He         
She    worked    
It         
We         
They         

Note: Use second form of Irregular verbs in positive structure of the Past Simple Tense..
(Geçmiş zaman olumlu cümlelerde, düzensiz fiillerin 2. hali kullanılır.)

Negative Structure:

I         
You         
He         
She    didn't    work
It         
We         
They         

Question structure:
     I         
     You    
Did    He    
Didn't    She    work?
     It    
     We    
     They

[wanqir]

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